Transcription Factor

Accessions: ECK120004834 (RegulonDB 7.5)
Names: GalS, GalS DNA-binding transcriptional dual regulator
Organisms: ECK12
Libraries: RegulonDB 7.5 1
1 Salgado H, Peralta-Gil M, Gama-Castro S, Santos-Zavaleta A, Muniz-Rascado L, Garcia-Sotelo JS, Weiss V, Solano-Lira H, Martinez-Flores I, Medina-Rivera A, Salgado-Osorio G, Alquicira-Hernandez S, Alquicira-Hernandez K, Lopez-Fuentes A, Porron-Sotelo L, Huerta AM, Bonavides-Martinez C, Balderas-Martinez YI, Pannier L, Olvera M, Labastida A, Jimenez-Jacinto V, Vega-Alvarado L, Del Moral-Chavez V, Hernandez-Alvarez A, Morett E, Collado-Vides J. RegulonDB v8.0: omics data sets, evolutionary conservation, regulatory phrases, cross-validated gold standards and more. Nucleic Acids Res. 2013 Jan 1;41(D1):D203-D213. [Pubmed]
Notes: The Galactose isorepressor, GalS, is a DNA-binding transcription factor that represses transcription of the operons involved in transport and catabolism of D-galactose Semsey S,2007; Weickert MJ,1993; Weickert MJ,1992; Geanacopoulos M,1997; Synthesis of these operons is induced when E. coli is grown in the presence of the inducer (D-galactose) and the absence glucose Geanacopoulos M,1997; Weickert MJ,1993 GalS is negatively autoregulated, and its expression is increased in the presence of inducer and glucose Weickert MJ,1993; Geanacopoulos M,1997 On the other hand, GalS is highly homologous in its amino acid sequence to GalR (55% identical and 88% similar); apparently both act together and are capable of cross-talking to regulate expression of the gal regulon Weickert MJ,1992; Geanacopoulos M,1997 For this reason these regulators bind the same operators, in the cis regulatory regions, with different affinities; In the presence of an inductor, GalS undergoes a conformational change that reduces its affinity for the operator; Golding et al; showed that GalR is the major repressor of the gal operon Golding A,1991 This repressor binds in tandem to inverted repeat sequences that are 16 nucleotides long and possess conserved motifs; each dimer binds to one of these conserved sequences Weickert MJ,1993; Weickert MJ,1993 GalS belongs to the GalR/LacI family of transcriptional regulators; Accordingly, this transcriptional repressor family protein is composed of two domains: a conserved N-terminal domain which contains the DNA-binding region, and the carboxy-terminal domain, which is involved in effector binding and dimerization Weickert MJ,1992; Geanacopoulos M,1997 GalS and GalR have only two substitutions in the first helix of the N-terminal domain Weickert MJ,1992; carbon compounds; repressor; operon; Transcription related; transcription, DNA-dependent; regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent; intracellular; sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity; DNA binding; cytoplasm
Length: 347
Pfam Domains: 3-48 Bacterial regulatory proteins, lacI family
60-274 Periplasmic binding proteins and sugar binding domain of LacI family
62-303 Periplasmic binding protein domain
169-329 Periplasmic binding protein-like domain
Sequence:
(in bold interface residues)
1 MITIRDVARQAGVSVATVSRVLNNSTLVSADTREAVMKAVSELDYRPNANAQALATQVSD 60
61 TIGVVVMDVSDAFFGALVKAVDLVAQQHQKYVLIGNSYHEAEKERHAIEVLIRQRCNALI 120
121 VHSKALSDDELAQFMDNIPGMVLINRVVPGYAHRCVCLDNLSGARMATRMLLNNGHQRIG 180
181 YLSSSHGIEDDAMRKAGWMSALKEQDIIPPESWIGAGTPDMPGGEAAMVELLGRNLQLTA 240
241 VFAYNDNMAAGALTALKDNGIAIPLHLSIIGFDDIPIARYTDPQLTTVRYPIASMAKLAT 300
301 ELALQGAAGNIDPRASHCFMPTLVRRHSVATRQNAAAITNSTNQAM*
Interface Residues: 4, 5, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 26, 27, 28, 51, 54, 55
3D-footprint Homologues: 3oqm_C, 7ce1_D, 1efa_B, 1l1m_B, 1jft_A, 1zvv_A
Binding Motifs: GalS rTGwAAmyRhTkmCA
Binding Sites: ECK120012708
ECK120016493
Publications: Semsey S., Krishna S., Sneppen K., Adhya S. Signal integration in the galactose network of Escherichia coli. Mol Microbiol. 65(2):465-76 (2007). [Pubmed]

Weickert MJ., Adhya S. The galactose regulon of Escherichia coli. Mol Microbiol. 10(2):245-51 (1993). [Pubmed]

Weickert MJ., Adhya S. Control of transcription of gal repressor and isorepressor genes in Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol. 175(1):251-8 (1993). [Pubmed]

Geanacopoulos M., Adhya S. Functional characterization of roles of GalR and GalS as regulators of the gal regulon. J Bacteriol. 179(1):228-34 (1997). [Pubmed]

Golding A., Weickert MJ., Tokeson JP., Garges S., Adhya S. A mutation defining ultrainduction of the Escherichia coli gal operon. J Bacteriol. 173(19):6294-6 (1991). [Pubmed]

Weickert MJ., Adhya S. Isorepressor of the gal regulon in Escherichia coli. J Mol Biol. 226(1):69-83 (1992). [Pubmed]
Related annotations: PaperBLAST

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