Transcription Factor
| Accessions: | ECK120006601 (RegulonDB 7.5) |
| Names: | GadW, GadW DNA-binding transcriptional dual regulator |
| Organisms: | ECK12 |
| Libraries: | RegulonDB 7.5 1 1 Salgado H, Peralta-Gil M, Gama-Castro S, Santos-Zavaleta A, Muniz-Rascado L, Garcia-Sotelo JS, Weiss V, Solano-Lira H, Martinez-Flores I, Medina-Rivera A, Salgado-Osorio G, Alquicira-Hernandez S, Alquicira-Hernandez K, Lopez-Fuentes A, Porron-Sotelo L, Huerta AM, Bonavides-Martinez C, Balderas-Martinez YI, Pannier L, Olvera M, Labastida A, Jimenez-Jacinto V, Vega-Alvarado L, Del Moral-Chavez V, Hernandez-Alvarez A, Morett E, Collado-Vides J. RegulonDB v8.0: omics data sets, evolutionary conservation, regulatory phrases, cross-validated gold standards and more. Nucleic Acids Res. 2013 Jan 1;41(D1):D203-D213. [Pubmed] |
| Notes: | The transcription factor GadW, for Glutamic acid decarboxylase, is negatively autoregulated and controls the transcription of the genes involved in the principal acid resistance system, is glutamate dependent (GAD), and is also referred to as the GAD system Ma Z,2002; Tramonti A,2008; Tucker DL,2003; Tramonti A,2006; Sayed AK,2007 In addition, GadW also activates the transcription of the central activator involved in the acid response Sayed AK,2007 The physiological inducer is unknown; Richard et al; proposed that GadW can sense intracellular Na+ concentrations, but the mechanism is not known Richard H,2007GadW is one of the regulators in the acid resistance system and is encoded by the unusual gadXW operon, which is located in the region called the acid fitness island Tramonti A,2008 This operon encodes two transcriptional regulators, GadX and GadW, both of which are members of the AraC/XylS family of transcriptional regulators Gallegos MT,1997; Martin RG,2001; Tramonti A,2008 The activities of GadW and GadX are indispensable upon entry into the stationary phase in response to acid pH Tramonti A,2002; Ma Z,2002 In addition, Tramonti et al; provided evidence that the transcription of the gadXW operon is regulated to a posttranscriptional level by a gadY small RNA Tramonti A,2008; Opdyke JA,2004GadW is highly homologous to GadX (42%), and apparently both are capable of cross talk to regulate expression of the genes of this system Tramonti A,2008 Although little is known about the regulating mechanism of GadW, Tucker et al; proposed that this regulator and GadX have distinct molecular mechanisms Tucker DL,2003; Tramonti A,2006 These regulators form homodimers Gallegos MT,1997 and heterodimers Ma Z,2002in vivo.Currently, the GadW/GadX-dependent circuit, involved in the GAD system, is under discussion and study; Tramonti et al; showed that GadX alone activates gadA and gadB promoters Tramonti A,2002 Ma et al; added to this regulatory interaction with the GadW protein, showing that it inhibits GadX and that in some cases it activates in the absence of GadX Ma Z,2002 Trucker et al; gave evidence that GadW can work as a coactivator of GadX or it can inhibit the GadX-dependent activation; they also provided evidence of more target genes for GadX/GadW regulation Tucker DL,2003 Regarding these interactions, Tramonti et al; showed the direct GadX binding at promoters of the gadB (two sites) and gadA (four sites) operons Tramonti A,2002 also, Ma et al; showed that GadW forms a homodimer and that it also binds to the DNA of the gadA and gadB promoters Ma Z,2002 As a member of the AraC/XylS family, this transcription factor is composed of two domains: the C-terminal domain (60% homologous to the C terminal of GadX), which contains two potential helix-turn-helix DNA-binding motifs in the DNA-binding region, and the amino-terminal domain (30% homologous to the N terminal of GadX), which is responsible for dimerization Gallegos MT,1997; Gallegos MT,1993; Ma Z,2002 Tramonti et al; speculated that GadW binds in tandem to two directed repeat sequences, in the same orientation, in the intergenic regions to activate or repress the transcription of the genes regulated Tramonti A,2008 The binding targets for GadW consist of 21-nucleotide-long directed repeat sequences that possess conserved motifs, called the GAD box, which is proposed to be the binding site for GadW and GadX Tucker DL,2003; Tramonti A,2008 This proposal was not unexpected, because the identity and similarity of the C-terminal domains are 41% and 66%, respectively Tramonti A,2008 Each monomer of GadW binds to one of these conserved sequences Tramonti A,2008; sequence-specific DNA binding; intracellular; sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity; DNA binding; transcription, DNA-dependent; protein-DNA complex; regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent; Transcription related; repressor |
| Length: | 243 |
| Pfam Domains: | 145-181 Bacterial regulatory helix-turn-helix proteins, AraC family 158-235 Helix-turn-helix domain 198-233 Bacterial regulatory helix-turn-helix proteins, AraC family |
| Sequence: (in bold interface residues) | 1 MTHVCSVILIRRSFDIYHEQQKISLHNESILLLEKNLADDFAFCSPDTRRLDIDELTVCH 60 61 YLQNIRQLPRNLGLHSKDRLLINQSPPMPLVTAIFDSFNESGVNSPILSNMLYLSCLSMF 120 121 SHKKELIPLLFNSISTVSGKVERLISFDIAKRWYLRDIAERMYTSESLIKKKLQDENTCF 180 181 SKILLASRMSMARRLLELRQIPLHTIAEKCGYSSTSYFINTFRQYYGVTPHQFAQHSPGT 240 241 FS* |
| Interface Residues: | 165, 166, 167, 168, 170, 171, 215, 216, 219, 220 |
| 3D-footprint Homologues: | 3w6v_A, 1xs9_A |
| Binding Motifs: | GadW mtrATwtTawyrttwtamwr |
| Publications: | Gallegos MT., Michan C., Ramos JL. The XylS/AraC family of regulators. Nucleic Acids Res. 21(4):807-10 (1993). [Pubmed] Gallegos MT., Schleif R., Bairoch A., Hofmann K., Ramos JL. Arac/XylS family of transcriptional regulators. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 61(4):393-410 (1997). [Pubmed] Ma Z., Richard H., Tucker DL., Conway T., Foster JW. Collaborative regulation of Escherichia coli glutamate-dependent acid resistance by two AraC-like regulators, GadX and GadW (YhiW). J Bacteriol. 184(24):7001-12 (2002). [Pubmed] Tramonti A., Visca P., De Canio M., Falconi M., De Biase D. Functional characterization and regulation of gadX, a gene encoding an AraC/XylS-like transcriptional activator of the Escherichia coli glutamic acid decarboxylase system. J Bacteriol. 184(10):2603-13 (2002). [Pubmed] Sayed AK., Odom C., Foster JW. The Escherichia coli AraC-family regulators GadX and GadW activate gadE, the central activator of glutamate-dependent acid resistance. Microbiology. 153(Pt 8):2584-92 (2007). [Pubmed] Tramonti A., De Canio M., Delany I., Scarlato V., De Biase D. Mechanisms of transcription activation exerted by GadX and GadW at the gadA and gadBC gene promoters of the glutamate-based acid resistance system in Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol. 188(23):8118-27 (2006). [Pubmed] Tucker DL., Tucker N., Ma Z., Foster JW., Miranda RL., Cohen PS., Conway T. Genes of the GadX-GadW regulon in Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol. 185(10):3190-201 (2003). [Pubmed] Tramonti A., De Canio M., De Biase D. GadX/GadW-dependent regulation of the Escherichia coli acid fitness island: transcriptional control at the gadY-gadW divergent promoters and identification of four novel 42 bp GadX/GadW-specific binding sites. Mol Microbiol. 70(4):965-82 (2008). [Pubmed] Martin RG., Rosner JL. The AraC transcriptional activators. Curr Opin Microbiol. 4(2):132-7 (2001). [Pubmed] Richard H., Foster JW. Sodium regulates Escherichia coli acid resistance, and influences GadX- and GadW-dependent activation of gadE. Microbiology. 153(Pt 9):3154-61 (2007). [Pubmed] Opdyke JA., Kang JG., Storz G. GadY, a small-RNA regulator of acid response genes in Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol. 186(20):6698-705 (2004). [Pubmed] |
| Related annotations: | PaperBLAST |
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